While several older studies suggested an increased risk of prostate cancer in men after vasectomy, more recent studies have shown no evidence for increased risk. Other potential health problems, including heart and vascular disease, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders, have also been suspected in a few studies in the past. To date there is no conclusive medical evidence, however, that vasectomy causes these or other health difficulties.
Occasionally, a man will have problems with chronic testicular pain or discomfort after a vasectomy, due to excessive pressure in the epididymis. Vasectomy reversal is the best treatment for this relatively uncommon condition, which often responds poorly to conservative treatment such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medication.
Reference: NIH / NICHD summary of vasectomy risks
